Senior Engineering Practice Teaching Reforms – HC Network Machine Tool Industry – Metal casting
Higher and Undergraduate Engineering Education College Learning objectives The main difference is. Wide professional quality undergraduate education, basic knowledge of a relatively wide range of sound engineers, and Senior Engineering Education and training positions are targeted, rapid adaptation technology talent. The difference between the target culture by means of specific education and training links obtained. Goal of Training Specialist training process required three years of theory and professional knowledge is not only the gift of the procedure, but also in engineering practice and the accumulation of experience. It achieved through the practice of teaching. Therefore, strengthening the practice of teaching has become the College of Higher Education of the essential part of the reform. Zhejiang University Ningbo Institute of Informatics and maintenance of applications, according to “a fine and able to” model staff training, under the “basic positions focused on strengthening the implementation capacity, “ideology, and gradually establish and form consistent with local practice, making for the frontline staff and first technical positions Application system’s ability to practice teaching.
One of the objectives of training and clear requirements, construction of a practical education system
Computer’s market demand and needs maintenance professionals, college students with the objective of training as follows: the training needs of socialist construction, moral, intellectual and physical development have received initial training in computer applications engineer, is mainly engaged in application of small and medium-scale software development, applications and computer maintenance, management, development of technical staff.
(A) system status indicator and maintenance of Computer Applications is a very strong professional practice, establish and improve the capacity of the target system is not only a strong guarantee to improve teaching effectiveness, but also to students the ability to practice as an important means of ensuring the quality of education. With a follow-up survey of graduates of talent on the market and demand analysis, we have seven types of professional and technical college graduates in groups of technical positions, particularly in operating systems, operation and maintenance, development of small software application products; information processing by computer applications in marketing and technical services, application technology, promotion and education and training, installation network engineering and management; primary technical management.
Analyzing the professional responsibilities and technical requirements, but also to summarize the state of technology for the category 5 technical capacity and quality indicators: computer skills, the ability of computer maintenance, software development application, network technology, control and capacity development application interface, and used to guide the practice of teaching.
(B) the ability of a system’s main line of practical teaching
Currently, the vocational education system in practice, has built a series of five, and during the operation and theory in the education system closely integrated to form an organic whole of staff training.
1. Ability to train operation and maintenance practices for the purpose of education series
By using a computer course I, 3-part, including in particular the use of common DOS commands, typing Chinese and English, the operations of Win-dows of basic UNIX operating system software and the use of common tools, each part of a clear assessment of specific requirements and objectives.
2. To promote the development of the program, troubleshooting serial capacitances teaching practice
Mostly “C language”, “design bases” network “programming, assembly language” and other courses based on machine exercises, each course the number of hours on the computer account for the total school hours of 40%. Characteristic is closely linked to high levels of theoretical training, the goal of every practice, not one, ask students to complete the process in step preview of the preliminary design and coding effort, and strive for success in time debugging and optimizing code specified as possible.
3. To promote an integrated series based on practical teaching skills
From “Software Practice” course and four specialized courses in the component design programs. Focusing on teaching practice as the main form, the general system of training after the end of the theoretical. Teachers teaching content according to the provision of a need for integration and a degree of difficulty of small problems, students complete the task within 2-3 weeks of conception, programming, debugging and the design of the final written report. In the process of course design, the workload of many students in the subject of arrangements for a group. In this way, students examine the theory of global capacity in the educational content but also train students in the spirit of collaboration with each other.
4. The practical application of the ability to train as a target of the practical teaching series
In the summer of social practice, interest groups and other forms of extra-curricular structure, content related to computer assembly and debugging, computer room construction, planning engineering networks and construction.
5. ability to design comprehensive training as a target
Graduation Project series
The profession in the reform process attaches great importance to the design of this important part of graduation checks. Topics emphasize the principle of integrating theory with practice, all chosen from the actual production, there is an engineering task light background. For some larger, more involved in content issues, do not underline large and comprehensive, but requires students to design a sub-theme is possible and reasonable, the results have some applicability.
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Audio not "ring" sound field analysis and orientation Car Audio – car audio, car electroni
Some owners of car audio is really a special ring, but as for it is not sound, on a matter of opinion. Here we do not talk about car audio how the “ring”, but also the audio car audio tasted like and positioning statement, but this time with crouch singing Miss You Sha Tsai relationship? According to the definition of the absolute sound, perfect audio engineer in the field of music, an original game to sign.
Comment guidelines car audio, but also almost exactly the same. In the home audio area, a combination of equipment to the various electrical cable, speaker, and a few wire parts operations, membership in order to meet the goal of the school sound from. Is of the opinion that the most important thing is the speaker of the pendulum to the position because it is the whole sound system performance. As for the sound field can not be found in the wall three feet and a half knot as real as you want to sing in front of the bass with a low potential basement18, depending on individual abilities must be a.
In general, if the house speakers and listening position to make a triangle shape, and the phase of the left and right speakers go right to the emperor to listen to those who are absolutely the sound field expansion of the degree can feel node strength and location as a sentence. This is what every enthusiast should have good knowledge. Interestingly, some fans mistakenly thought that the emperor, but only the representation of sound is mono, then try a knot like the sound and the exact position is, in reality, the concept is wrong. As long as the signal left and right speakers around the same time to reach our ears, the brain is a good image and position statement to try to produce the same time to achieve!
Whether your speakers? ^ R crossover, three-way crossover or? Crossover R ^ 3 units, or eight three-way crossover unit. All units issued by the audio pronunciation must come at the same time, left and right ear. Any vote of a unit, if not with other units at the same time the sound reaches the listener’s ear, will produce the so-called time difference and phase difference.
Design a clever speaker manufacturers, is assigned to the unit, the smart defuse the unit due to the same point of articulation and pronunciation of the time difference and phase difference produced. Therefore, if the speaker and the emperor can an equilateral triangle shape, then the knot strength and cohesion as more intervals are also a few manufacturers use the design shown in Figure 1, plus anti-phase crossover design, the phase to solve the problem worse, but the problem is the time difference there. Some manufacturers also use coaxial? ^ R unit design, ie, soprano and tenor are in the same unit. And form a concentric circle, to enable a single point of articulation of the goals.
First, we analyze the design of the car inside and speaker location. Whether you are driving on the left or right of the driver, the driver’s position to one side before, take the right sequence, for example, the right speakers, regardless of high / midrange unit split or high / midrange driver coaxial, all because of the trial relationship between the prejudice to the right of the right speaker signal the right ear of the time to reach the left ear always get the left speaker right time! Thus and so, because it has a serious time difference and phase difference. Driving without seatbelts faster than to bind, and then also talk of holding a phone is worse traffic police caught red-handed!
Of your owners, as the car in front of the speaker mounted under the front door if it even worse! Two fatal fatal car audio: the time difference and phase difference! You may prefer to have a making friends are familiar with, “Tsai oldies” to hear and feel the taste of Li Xiang knelt to sing? If you have the car to install speakers in the rear seat only if, Qin definitely behind you sing, you are definitely not friends! Just think, you will not be in the listening room at the back against the speaker to listen to music? Do not believe me, go on FM97.4, listen to the Beijing Music Radio broadcasts are issued from the right of the speaker, the first siblings to crouch in the broadcast, of course, perhaps when they broadcast is A squat is also possible, if the answer is yes, then your car kinda live flu. If you’re willing to take big money to spend
Is the current car behind subwoofer is installed, then test SheffieldDrumsRecordCD, probably drummer drums behind you to you this way, how can sound like a taste of the results and position at all? To say nothing of talking about resolution of a, is permeability of the car stereo killer time difference and phase difference of the two kings have cited how he heals Xiandan or surrender it to them? Yes! It is TimeAlignment, the delay to improve, look at the engine sound, why have these problems? The reason is simple. Listening preference for the location of defects
Moreover, the speaker position is wrong, so the sound waves reach about noise each unit of time inconsistency, in a time difference and direct influence on the stage. Failing to correct? Put simply, it is, try the different sounds of the acoustic unit also served in the ears. Specifically, sound waves through the left speaker of the time left to achieve, to be issued with the right speaker sound waves reach the right ear of the time line.
At first, it seems unlikely. They may use physical pressure to fix and electronic pressure remedy in either of two ways to solve it. Let me talk about the physical pressure correction. That the front left and right speaker position, the more front loaded in the better position of the listener of the more remote, more remarkable results! Among them is the best place KickPanel. Throughout the different types of vehicles, to listen to the speakers away from the position, and is KickPanel area. It is also the location of production for at least the time difference to the overall model, the average deviation of approximately between 5 inches and only KickPanel position, measure the left and right sides of the speaker’s distance, to obtain at least the time difference.
It must be emphasized that if the correct method of physical pressure, high / medium driver must be installed together, not the tweeter mounted on the dashboard, door or other, because of high and medium, there is a gap between sound, every sound source unit can not reach the ears at the same time, remember! Remember!
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Closely monitor changes in meteorological drought in Guizhou to help – satellite, monitoring – Secur
Every day, FY1 series of China, the U.S. NOAA series meteorological satellites pass four Guizhou over 2 or 3 times, and the first time during the scan data transmitted to the ground. These satellites, monitor closely changes in the letter of the drought in our province, “Eye of Heaven.”
weather observation is the basis for operational and research. Through continuous development, construction of the province weather observation system was ground, high altitude meteorological observations for the development of weather radar, meteorological observations, the day observed the development of gas to the observed climate system from manual to automatic observing the development of observation. Among these, the meteorological monitoring in disaster prevention and mitigation, resource survey, environmental monitoring has played an important role.
According to reports, the province into a “reception and processing of remote sensing satellite, can receive the series FY1 China, the U.S. NOAA series of meteorological data as 4. In the table of a computer, the survey map clearly partial , moves slowly along the latitude, “This shows that have the latest remote sensing data to come.” Mountainous Guizhou Province Environment Climate Institute of Remote Sensing Section, Senior Engineer said umbellata. The system automatically receives satellite data, and conducted its processing and analysis. A few minutes in the past, data processing is completed, the staff immediately passed to the data of various weather stations throughout the province, and connected users.
“According to the February 27-March 1 meteorological satellite monitoring results from the latest data show that the surface water Caohai less than the same period last year by 9.1% or more.” Umbellata said. Had demonstrated in February 2009, February 2010 water plan Grass controlling body, the two graphs can be clearly seen, sea grass this year, a certain degree of reduction of the body. According to satellite remote sensing, 2009, sea grass area of 25.03 km square of the body, has suffered this year because of continuing drought in summer autumn and winter, was reduced to 22.75 km square.
“Ecological Reserve wetlands Caohai as no irrigation and supplying drinking water games, water balance of precipitation and evaporation is mainly based.” Umbellata said Caohai as an evaporation pond of large, can be used as a measure to change the water area of drought in the western province of “barometer”. weather mountain Caohai then intensified surveillance, a more complete understanding and accurate Western drought.
According to reports, watershed area of 380 square kilometers of the Caohai is the largest natural freshwater lake in the province, is a plateau typical of wetlands. How Weining Autonomous County is located in the Alpine mountains, the summer drought and light precipitation is concentrated, the change in so little space Caohai summer water. The Winter Spring three quarters of their own little precipitation, if experienced long-term drought, water area Caohai reduction phenomenon occurs.
Last winter, more than normal precipitation in Weining Autonomous too few 10-70 percent, resulting in a substantial area of grass in the water body “falling.” Caohai residents around there drinking water.
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Chongqing Duke Du Changchun brought home 70 boxes books made seals
From Chongqing Changchun High-pressure seals, the president of Duke postdoctoral mentor. Born in Chongqing in 1955, 1977 and 1983, respectively, and the Huazhong University of Science in mechanical engineering from Chongqing University, an MA. 1985 1995 years has studied in Japan at Tokyo Institute of Technology Ph.D. University of Birmingham, and most of the world-famous companies, engaged in technology development and product management. June 1995, his family returned to Chongqing and established technology companies duke. May 1999 interview with firms in Japan Nomura Holdings subsidiary venture capital to invest in China, founded the company in Chongqing Duke, high pressure seals, gaskets made significant breakthroughs in the field, became the top five of the manufacturers. The goal is to become the largest seals in 2010. From Changchun said that the company of Duke in 2010 to become a manufacturer of China’s largest seal.
 Body building strong, stable eyes, aloud, speaks fluent English, spoken in terms seems indisputable. mentor and Postdoctoral and “returnees” state, so that high pressure seals Duke Chongqing, Changchun President From the public to keep a certain mystery.
 ”Duke What is the biggest news in the near future?” A reporter asked. Alertness
 skipper replied, almost without hesitation, is to get 70% of heavyweights China seals -80% of corresponding controls.
 year 2004, because people in error and lack of volume of experience, Changchun From almost crashed into the sea, after two years of radical reforms, including the Red Rock won the heavyweight heavy trucks in China, Foton, Chang’an Motor Company order, so that the boss has finally had the opportunity to turn around, there was the “Duke became the first to build the first of three seals business,” the courage and confidence.
 10 years of business, Changchun Du were complacent, high, had ups and downs, almost forced a stalemate. From Changchun said he likes the Yangtze River and Jialing River, a child, he learned to surf and search for pleasure, never fear, not to admit defeat.
Home
 70 boxes of books
 From 1985 Changchun passed the examination with distinction students were sent to Japan in 1989, went to Birmingham University to pursue a doctorate in mechanical engineering.
 Overseas students and the general difference is that Du Changchun study abroad, have begun to plan how to build the house. From Changchun Water in the biggest companies in Japan??? Kayaba Hydraulic Company and Britain’s largest company, the company Hamworthy as a researcher, chief engineer and senior product manager. From Changchun manufactured abroad more than one hundred patents.
 ”In Britain, the former general manager of Yue Evans Hanyi much value for my inventions, we start with the resignation of the former Department of British Industry, the invention of new bearings on my project and seal has been approved by the £ 50,000 funding grant and this amount may be increased to £ 500,000, provided that the patented product to be produced and used in the United Kingdom. “This” sine qua non “to serve the countries without reserve, but too Changchun From right can not accept, and resolutely rejected resolutely back later.
 1995, the United Kingdom has been the permanent residence From Changchun with hundreds of inventions and patents to return. From Changchun said that the luggage to your main home is 70 boxes of books and dozens of boxes of documents accumulated over the years.
invention
 technology transfer have been framed crook From Changchun Chongqing
 back with his name and the phonetic abbreviation DUKE, Duke registered companies in Chongqing.
 ”After his return in 1995, I started to not want to engage in industry, but to devote to the invention, achieving the company of a type familiar idea” incubators “for the company invention. ” Changchun’s first home start of the day, the working conditions are very difficult. “At that time living in my house sister bed is a small experimental plane, the family did not really understand how I can sleep so much noise, and I said, it sounds to you is the noise he is my baby laugh.
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Toaster
Types of toaster
 Light-fitting plug with toaster, approx. 1909
 Modern toasters are typically one of three varieties: pop-up toasters, ovens, and conveyor belts.
 In the pop-up or automatic toasters, bread slices are inserted vertically into slots (generally only large enough to admit a single slice of bread) on top of the toaster. A lever on the toaster is depressed, activating the toaster. When an internal device determines that the toasting cycle is complete, the toaster turns off and the toast opens out of the slot. The resistance of a pop-up toaster are usually oriented vertically, parallel to the bread slice – although there are some variations.
 In the days before the completion of the roasting was determined by a mechanical clock timer, the user can adjust the operating time of the timer to determine the degree of “cooking” the toast, but the first cycle produced less toasted toast subsequent cycles because the toaster was not yet hot. Toaster done since 1930 often use a thermal sensor, such as a bimetallic strip, located near the toast. In this way the first cycle to run more courses later. The thermal device is slightly sensitive to the actual temperature of the same toast. As the timer can be adjusted by the user to determine the “doneness” of the toast. In comparison, small toaster ovens are electric with a door on one side and a tray inside. To toast bread with a toaster, a fixed slices of bread horizontally on the tray, closes the door, and activates the toaster. When the toast is done, the toaster turns off, but the door must be opened manually. Most toaster ovens are significantly larger than a toaster, but are able to perform most functions of electric ovens, although on a much smaller scale. Can be used to cook toast with seals, such as garlic bread or cheese, although they tend to have dry toast and take longer to operate, because their strength lies further from the toast (to allow for larger items to be cooked). They may also heat less evenly than either toasters or more electric furnaces, and some glass cookware can not be used in them.
 toaster oven
 conveyor toasters are designed to make many slices of toast and are generally used in restaurants, it is suitable for use on a large scale. Bread is toasted 350-900 slices an hour, making conveyor toasters ideal for a great restaurant is constantly busy with growing demand. However, such devices have occasionally been household goods back in 1938 when the Toast-O-Lator went into limited production. [View www.jitterbuzz.com / indtol.html for a detailed history of the company] Toast-O-Lator
 As with many appliances, toasters and toaster now use more elaborate mechanisms controlled by the computer instead of electromechanical controls. Toasters are usually independent, counter appliances, although some toaster can be hung beneath cabinets.
 Sometimes toast was stuck in a toaster, toaster popup in particular, and must be released manually. Since most toaster in the kitchen, metal knives and forks are typically an easily available tool, but may pose a risk of electric shock, unless the appliance is disconnected from the main electrical outlet.
 Some toasters have a small round plate on them to lay eggs with toast.
History
 Edison Edicraft toaster, approx. 1929
 Before the development of the electric toaster, bread was toasted by placing it in a metal frame and holding the fire or by holding it near a fire with a long-handled fork. Simple tools for toasting bread over flames go back at least 200 years, and before people simply bread skewered with a stick or a knife and held it on fire.
 In 1905, American metallurgist Albert Marsh (18,771,944) Detroit, Michigan, and his employer, American chemist, electrical engineer, inventor and entrepreneur William Hoskins (18,621,934) Chicago, Illinois, has invented (and patented in 1906) chromel (later and still marketed as nickel), an alloy which could be the first high-strength cable type used in all first heating appliances (and many modern ones).
 No one knows who invented the first electric toaster bread. In 1893, Crompton, Stephen J. Cook & Company in the United Kingdom, sold an electrical appliance, iron-wired roasting called Eclipse, but the device seems to have failed in the market quickly, like the toaster museum has little information on the device. (Early attempts at production of electrical cables through iron were unsuccessful, because the wiring was easily melted and a serious fire hazard. Meanwhile, the electricity was not readily available, and when it was mostly only at night ). The first application for U.S. patent for an electric toaster was made by George Schneider of the American Electrical Heater Company of Detroit. AEH proximity to the Hoskins Manufacturing and the fact that the patent was filed only two months patents Marsh collaboration and suggests that the device was to use the cables chromel. One of the first applications considered for chromel society Hoskins was a toaster, but eventually abandoned these efforts concentrate on doing just the wire.
 At least two other brands of toasters had been introduced commercially around the time General Electric has submitted the initial application for a patent in 1909 for the GE model D-12, designed by Frank Shailor technical “, the first commercially successful electric toaster .
 In 1913 Lloyd Groff Copeman and his wife Hazel Berger Copeman applied for patents and other toaster in the same year the Copeman Electric Stove Company introduced the toaster with automatic bread turner. The company also produced the “toaster running toast.” Before this, electric toasters cooked bread on one side and then was shot in hand to toast the other side. Copeman toaster turned the bread around without touching it. Copeman also invented the first electric stove and the rubber (flexible) ice cube tray.
 The subsequent development was the semi-automatic toaster, which automatically switches off the resistance after the toast, using a clockwork mechanism or a bimetallic strip. However, the toast was still manually lowered and raised from the toaster through a lever mechanism.
 The automatic pop-up toaster, which ejects the toast after toasting, was patented in 1919 by Charles Stritar. In 1925, using a redesigned version of Stritar toaster, the Waters Genter Company introduced the Model 1-A-1 Toastmaster, the first automatic pop-up toaster family that could brown bread on both sides simultaneously, set the resistance of a timer, and eject the toast when finished. In 1950, some high-end toasters featured automatic toast lowering U.S. and awareness, no levers to operate – simply dropping the slices into the machine start the toasting process. A notable example was the Sunbeam T-20, T-35 and T-50 models (identical except for details such as positioning control) made by the end of 1940 through 1960, which used a bimetallic beam structure lower the toast, the bread entered tripped a lever to activate the heating elements, and their warmth has caused the pull-down bimetal mechanism to lower the bread. When the toast was done, as determined by a small sensor bimetal actuated by heat passing through the toast, the resistors were closed off and the mechanism of pull-down position in his return to room temperature, slowly raising the final toast. This detection of heat that passes through the toast, meant that regardless of the color of bread (white or wholemeal) and the initial temperature of the bread (even frozen), the toast is always the same extent. If a piece of toast in the toaster was re-inserted, it only heated.
 As with most toaster that a unit sensing controls toasting of two (or four) slices, so the slot with the sensor is marked “a slice” because operating the toaster without bread in the slots will result in almost immediate stop-off as the heat from the element directly affects the heating sensor. On these models Sunbeam, the trip wire was only one slot, so if the bread was placed in the wrong slot, the toaster simply not turn on.
 Many of these models the sun’s rays are still in service, some more than 60 years, and is used every day. They are easily repaired and, apart from physical damage and failure-heating element, most repairs consist of only cleaning and minor adjustments.
 modern design chrome significant were the T-9 Sunbeam Half-Round “or” World’s Fair toaster, designed by George Scharfenberg and Bartek Pociecha, and General Electric 139T81 produced in quantity by 1946. toasters electric machines have been a very luxury item, with the best models costing up to $ 25 in 1939 (about $ 360 in 2006 dollars). Most toaster produced from late 1930 and 1960 are generally considered to be of higher quality manufacturing and materials, many were built well enough to last for decades. Due to their popularity aesthetic, some of the classic designs toaster years 1940 and 1950 are now re-entered the market, although most of these reproductions are not built to the quality of its original designs.
 Most recent additions to toaster technology include broader toasting slots for thick bagels and breads, the ability to toast frozen bread, and a single-side heating mode. Most toasters can also be used to toast other foods such as teacakes, Pop Tarts, and pancakes, although the addition of melted butter and / or sugar to the internal components of automatic electric toasters often contributes to mechanical or electrical faults .
Toaster
 can be modified to print images and logos on slices of bread.
toaster
 High-tech
 incandescent filament of a modern 4-slice toaster
 There were a number of projects of advanced technology for adding toaster.
 In 1990 Simon Hackett and John Romkey created the Internet toaster, a toaster that could be controlled from the Internet.
 In 2001 Robin Southgate from Brunel University in England has created a toaster can toast a chart of weather prediction (limited to sunny or cloudy) on a piece of bread. The toaster dials a telephone number pre-coded to get the weather forecast.
 In 2005, Technologic Systems, a supplier of embedded hardware systems, designed a toaster running the NetBSD Unix-like operating system as a demonstration system for sale.
 alternative uses
 Some students use a toaster to thaw food as fishsticks.
With
 permanent changes of a toaster can be used as a solder reflow oven to melt and solidify toxic.
See also
 Sandwich toaster
References
 ^ U. S. Patent 811,859
 ^ A b c d Norcross, Eric (2006). “The Cyber Toaster Museum. Toaster.org. The Toaster Museum Foundation. pp. Section 1900 – 1920. rel = nofollow
 ^ A b George, William F. (2003). Wafers Antiques 1900-1960: a history of the industry in America Appliance 20st century. Trafford Publishing. pp. 20. ISBN 155395632X. ISBN 155395632X. http://books.google.com/books?id=SzdrtFSFG6IC & ; pg = PA20 & lpg = PA20 & dq =% 22William Hoskins +% 22 + + high tensile wire electric + heating + & source = web & ots = & MR = xAPyylB6_N ppG1DHl4OJs-__1PNw2vxZmpylI & hl = en & sa = X & s = & book_result resnum = 2 & ct = result. Retrieved 8/16/2008.
 ^ Clark, Neil M. (May 1927). “The man in the world more tragic is the one that never starts.” The American. rel = nofollow
 ^ Dana Gloger (03/31/2009). “A toast to the toaster 100 years and still Going Strong. Daily Express. http://www.dailyexpress.co.uk/posts/view/92299 . Retrieved 3/31/2009.
 ^ Ab LloydCopeman.com – prolific U.S. inventor
 ^ Lloyd Groff Copeman: Man patent Absolute Michigan
 ^ http://www.pat2pdf.org/patents/pat1394450.pdf
 Toasters Toastmaster ^: when they were made
 ^ The Cyber Toaster Museum
 ^ Savetz.com. Internet Toaster, Romkey John, Simon Hackett. rel = nofollow
 ^ BBC News | Science | A little slice Design
 ^ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/ 04/bread_as_a_display_device /
 ^ NetBSD Toaster with the TS-7200 ARM9 SBC
 ^ “Hot Diggity Dogger Toast-R-Grill. http://www.hotdiggitydogger.ca/hd2828.htm. ; 100,224 hotdiggitydogger.ca
 ^ “Reflow with a toaster – Hack a Day.” http://hackaday.com/2008/10/22/-reflow with -a-toaster. / ; 100,224 hackaday.com
 ^ DesignStellaris2006. “ Http://www.circuitcellar.com/designstellaris2006/winners/1785.html. & # 160 ; 100,224 circuitcellar.com
 References
 Wikimedia Commons has media related Toaster
 The Toaster Museum: A site devoted entirely to toasters and their history detailed
 The International Central Services Toaster Museum
History
 Electric toaster
As
 Toasters Work (Howstuffworks.com)
Categories
: Cooking appliancesHidden categories: pages that include models with parameters deprecated
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EU directives into the appliance industry to increase business costs hardest hit
 Last weekend for the EU Battery Directive No. 98 of the Council of TBT notification closed in Guangzhou. The group agreed that the EU is implementing the directive of the technical requirements reasonable explanation, the cadmium content of the border, and the recycling of used batteries carefully reviewed and set aside for Chinese companies, a reasonable transition period. National WTO / TBT notification representative of the Council, AQSIQ Standard Law Center / TBT National Notification and Enquiry Center Senior Engineer, Deputy Director Guo Lisheng reporter’s interview, said that China has more than 70% of export companies, has more than 40% of exports Products of foreign technical
 Barriers
 Limitations, including household appliances, one of the hardest hit, but not a business initiative to report to the WTO / TBT National Notification and Enquiry Center.
 15% increase in business costs orders
 According to the report, China has the battery in the center of the industry worldwide. Last year
 (2005), China’s battery production to 38 billion, of which exports account for 80% of total exports of almost $ 20 billion. But the EU Directive No. 98 on the battery exports to the EU carry a lot of changes, the biggest change is the demand of portable cells and batteries from the current limit of cadmium content of 0.025% to 0.002%, and the production and business
 Dealer
 EU must of used batteries and accumulators for recycling to export.
 Guangzhou Tiger Head Battery Group
 relevant responsible person said that the changes to open up our batteries, a great influence on the international market. Because current technology can not be reduced to such a low cadmium content standards, and at present not able to find a replacement for cadmium. A technical expert said that if the EU is on the export of waste for recycling batteries, the battery cost businesses an increase of 15% or so.
 Group believes that the bill is missing in the cadmium content of the border, and the recycling of waste batteries consideration, and asked for Chinese companies set aside a reasonable transition period.
 Household appliance industry is one of the hardest hit
 Then, said Guo Lisheng Reporters interview that China is the world’s third largest trading nation in 2005, with imports has reached a total of $ 1,422,100,000,000. However, since the World Trade
 Organization
 to increase since the establishment of technical regulations and standards by the technical barriers composition. “WTO members set to technical barriers, more and more, 2002 0, 2003, 22, 89 in 2004 reached 149 trade in 2005.”
 abroad in recent years, more and more detailed, stringent standards are always
 China’s exports
 Size very hard to identify barriers and technical barriers to affected devices in the most trade. Only last year the national WTO / TBT National Notification and Enquiry Centre on the EU
 Refrigerator
 Energy Efficiency
 Label
 EU REACH directive, the United States
 Digital TV
 Machinery and household appliances in Japan 6 7 of dangerous substances of Council, China’s household electrical appliance enterprises to restore the inestimable loss.
 Guo Lisheng said, my right to comment on the rights of foreign communications, but requires the active participation and support of business. “Although China’s export enterprises take to technical obstacles, more and more trade, there are no fixed assets and WTO / TBT National Notification and Enquiry Center. Maybe fear, because companies’ home scandal,” even if the center of
 Customs
 or from other sources that the Chinese goods shelves or returned satisfied, but take the initiative and contact center to understand the relevant circumstances, the companies also do not want to admit. ”
 should they consider exporting companies a high degree of international technology trends in the sensitive, especially state-owned assets and SMEs to obtain, should raise awareness to strengthen them for this risk, pro-active communications with relevant departments, actively looking for the encounter technical barriers to trade to inform the TBT.
 News Links
 Standard Holding, the company exported throat
 It is understood that there are 55 types of U.S. certification, certification system in Japan, 25 species, nine species within the EU has certification system, certification system and the increase in uniform. And these three countries is the most intense worry of our export products and companies the most. Overall, China’s national standards, only 40% of accepted international standards, ISO and IEC 11 700 standards issued by China with only 38%, and remains far behind the developed countries.
 Data, while improving the technical standards, in 2002, China has 71% of export companies, 39% of export restrictions encountered technical standards, resulting in economic losses of about $ 17,000,000,000th Currently, said local products and pet food industry, 82% of company exports to reduce the market share, 35% claimed to be from the market.
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Nanjing, a company launched the "nutritional yeast sauce" – sauce, yeast – Food Industry
Recently, a bio-engineering Co., Ltd. Nanjing on the market a sauce “nutritional yeast.” This nutritious and delicious, the sauce will replace similar imported products, increase the yeast of the value added to meet the domestic high-quality condiments consumer demand to play an important role.
Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. Nanjing is a professional manufacturer of nutritional yeast sauce, juice, steamed fish, raw sushi fish sauce, hot sauce pot and other high-end business condiments, October 1 2007, the plant began construction and put into production in October this year. To develop high quality spices, the company and Jiangsu Institute of Food Authority seeking cooperation, lease, including senior engineer and holds a doctorate of technical staff as a research and development.
This yeast sauce is a kind of edible yeast as the main raw material, combined with modern biological technology, new generation natural compound nutritional well-developed sauce is rich in amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, organic acids, minerals, trace elements and vitamins and other nutrients.
According to Yao Ming, Nanjing, managing director of a biotechnology company introduction, the yeast is a brewery by-products rich in nutrients, but if handled correctly, not only pollute the environment but also waste of resources. Plants Previously, the yeast is usually feeds to buy, sell processed into animal feed, not just low value-added and energy consumption seriously: because the newly hatched form of waste brewery yeast, water content is high, to dry feed and requires a lot of heat and steam, but food prices are not high.
Tackling, a biotechnology company in Nanjing follow “to take the essence of grains, cooking the taste of the day, the development of principles, the use of advanced equipment and process technology, the yeast Beer through biological enzymes, waiting outside, made of liquid rich in nutrients, and then with glucose, salt, 5′-IMP and other accessories composite deployment. The sauce has such features: 1 . To curb biotech yeast enzyme effectively retain nutrients for the yeast. 2. Rich in nutrients, containing a variety of body essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins. 3. Debittering the use of advanced technologies, with a bitter taste In addition to yeast, while retaining the unique flavor of yeast. 4. Replace imported products. At present, Nanjing and other cities of large supermarket shelves, there are some from Japan and sauce high in South Korea, tasteful, but the price is high. This yeast sauce and other condiments in the production of high technology despite a decade ago has been successfully developed in China, but the existence of a variety of reasons, this sauce has been no large-scale production led to the sauce for the upscale market base by occupation of foreign products. Nanjing, a biotechnology company Advanced key technical difficulties can be mass produced nutritional yeast sauce, the price of supermarket products in Nanjing, only half of similar products imported into Japan. 5. Taste of alcohol, highlighting the cuisine of the standard way. Soy sauce Although this is a condiment important in China, but there are many weak soy sauce: too strong taste and smell of fermentation of coke, easy to hide the standard flat. And the sauce does not taste of this dish can be good compatibility with the kitchen, some distributors in north-eastern spices tasting the flavor of the sauce better than Japanese products more suited to their local consumer demand. 6. will be treated with nutritional yeast sauce may increase the value added of the yeast. 7. Easy to use, can be used in mixed dishes, dip, steamed, fried, baked and so forth can also be used for soup, boiled seafood seasoning . 8. Health and safety. Chemical and Physical Test Center, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing sauce produced by a biological colony is less than 10 ng / ml, while the national standard of 3 million / ml.
Yao Ming, Director General said that the company plans to engage in major supermarkets, food stores, first do a good job market in Nanjing, East China and other key developing markets in developed regions . At present, Nanjing, a company bio-nutritional yeast sauce was registered in Nanjing. To meet market demand, the company plans to expand production capacity, within a year, rising to 1,500 tons of sauce total.
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Clean room design
Examples
 A famous example is that of Columbia data products that the first clone of an IBM computer by building a clean room implementation of the BIOS. Another is VTech’s successful clones of the Apple II ROMs for the Laser 128, the only computer model, under decades of the Apple II compatibles, who survived that litigation brought by Apple Computer. ReactOS is an open source operating system, made of clean room reverse design components of Windows.
 Case law
 Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corporation was a 1999 lawsuit that established an important precedent in regard to engineering time. Sony sought damages for copyright infringement on Connectix’s Virtual Game Station emulator, claims that its own BIOS code was copied into the Connectix product without permission. Sony has the first right, but the decision was reversed on appeal. Sony eventually bought the rights to its Virtual Game Station further sales and development occur. This is a precedent addressing the legal implications of commercial reverse engineering efforts.
 During the production, Connectix unsuccessful attempt to create a Chinese wall approach to reverse engineer the BIOS, so that its engineers disassembled the object code directly. Connectix’s successful appeal maintained that the immediate removal and observation of its own code was necessary because there is no other way to determine its behavior. From the ruling:
 Some works are closer to the core of the proposed copyright protection than others. Sony’s BIOS is located at a distance from the core, because it contains unprotected aspects that can not be copied without investigation. The court of appeal granted, it is therefore a lower degree of protection than more traditional literary works.
 See also
 Chinese wall
 Code busy
 References
 Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix, Inc., 203 596 F.3d (9th Cir 2000) ..
 Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp., 203 596 F.3d (9th Cir 2000) .. Web Archive.org copy February 28, 2007.
 Computer section of the clean room design
 Categories: computer law
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Huang Ming Solar business fire sought after by investment banks
 The new energy crisis, to engage in this
 solar industry
 enterprise development has brought great opportunities for development.
 10 21, 1.00, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, had abandoned the streets. Huang Ming Solar Energy Group Co., Ltd. Ming Huang, president and CEO is
 Office
 Just off a group of visitors to Hong Kong immediately rushed to Texas to lead the hotel and met a number of European guests. This was the third call the evening’s guests, and these customers visit the same purpose, that is, talking Ming Wong
 Investment
Cooperation
.
 According to a person familiar with the matter said Risk, who have committed to developing the solar energy sector
 Private enterprise
 caused by the investment community is very interested. Including Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, UBS, Softbank and other investment banks to the forefront and Wong Ming had close contact, which could reach a cooperation agreement heavy investment.
 10 years ago, Huang Ming loan of one million yuan from German detention of the city Public Security Bureau to rent a house, beating production by
 solar panels
 When, how dare not imagine a day when your own business can be an annual turnover exceeding 1 billion yuan, about the size of the profit 30 million yuan, becoming the country’s largest solar energy producers of hot water . But now his confidence began to grow rapidly, the Emperor left for the next 5-10 years of development objectives of the great incredible international and national
Sell
 minimum to achieve 20 billion yuan, and strive to reach 60 billion yuan.
 However, Huang Ming has its foundation.
Industry Opportunities
 According to the Chinese Solar Energy Society of data: the solar industry in China is growing at a rate of 20% to 30% growth in 2005, the domestic market to reach 50 billion yuan. In the coming years, the solar industry will maintain rapid growth. While the growth in world oil demand, international
 Record prices for crude-high, the value of a global energy is increased. Environmental protection, sustainable solar energy industry has been encouraged by governments. The Chinese government has increased significantly over the years of support for new energy industries. This year in February, “The People’s Republic of China Renewable Energy Law, passed in March, National Development and Reform Commission issued a public notice, announced that China in 2005-2007, the implementation renewable energy and new energy GDP special high tech industrialization plans, develop the industry of energy saving, ‘Eleventh Five-Year’ per capita energy consumption during the period decreased by 20%, are included in the “Eleventh Five-Year
 Planning
. ”
 solar energy industry itself also ready, after almost 20 years of wandering and exploration, Chinese solar energy industry has begun to get rid of the original type of workshop-style production model, modern model of mass production is Wong Ming Thanh Hoa Sunshine and other large firms, in the winter of Qiqihar, minus 40 degrees cold, the solar water heater can produce around 50 degrees Celsius hot water, solar thermal technology with the upgrade of quality and appliances such as solar water heaters have been a reliable product, the sales model, started the solar water heater
 Hardware
A road
 commercial district of low quality, Chiron U.S.
 OBI
E
 B & Q
These
 great
 Marketplace
 and relocation business. According to estimates by Huang Ming 8 to 10 years in the future, the whole scale of the solar energy sector will be developed in China to 400 billion yuan at the time, the explosive growth of the sector is on the brink.
 For Wong and Ming Huang Ming, this is really a path of development crucial moment. Over the past 10 years, remember most people, the solar water heater is very low-end products, we can not, and televisions, refrigerators and other appliances seem that solar energy, can not permit poor and false links. But today, people began to accept the solar water heater, the solar industry and electronics industry, is even closer.
 Closer to home appliances
 1995, when the Texas Department of Geology and technology of mineral oil and drilling equipment, deputy director of the Institute, senior engineer Huang Ming could not sleep for two nights in a row after finding the will to initiate a loan Solar One million yuan hot water. Huang Ming to write until today to promote decent work and income, work hard to take this path of self-article The main reason is his confidence in the field of solar energy. It can be played for years relations with the oil, in the eyes of Huang Ming, inexhaustible solar energy at no cost, but water is scarce resource, needs to spend money
 Electricity
 or gas heating, then the cost of things do not translate into lack of things sold, not the world’s best business?
 But at that time the solar industry environment in China is not the case, solar energy, China and Western countries based on the same starting line, there is no complete set of production lines, mature products can be introduced, it is not advanced can learn from.
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Suning "listening project" birth of a number of New Year Personalized service – Suning App
 Spring Festival is the traditional
Home Appliances
 Strong Sales of the demand for home appliances services appliances sell well with the surge. News
 Suning
 Service headquarters learned to a personal device to satisfy consumer demand, Suning Appliance recently the annual service and research across the country listening —-” project “for the first time in many ways on its own device service needs of consumers in-depth excavation and subdivision, and before the Spring Festival begins a series of targeted initiatives device services.
 learned, Suning Appliance “listening project” Research and the annual follow-up data service order has already been the project to visit by phone, street intercept, VIP member depth interview, the country’s nearly 100 000 customers satisfied degree and service needs in-depth research, trust in the national survey data from the consumer demand for services, latest equipment and future trends in order to provide consumers with efficient personal service to understand.
 Suning Appliance Service Headquarters
 Zhao Pei said to listen Suning Tenth National Service Day (Suning the 15th of each month, as the service date) to complete the work before the research is not only a self Suning services, my main hope is a comprehensive annual survey, Suning services to improve the market for a more scientific basis, as Sam said, “listening project” will be performed once a year, to enable the consumers of services Suning needs to intervene and innovative services to provide protection.
 Reporter has learned that, in this research, the consumer demand for services shows “service ease” of the trend. For example, in the service mode of appointment and accepted, 30% of respondents want the message to increase mobile phone, SMS auto reply, etc., distribution equipment 45% of respondents want the product delivered and installed to A complete, to avoid duplication by. Zhao Pei Su Ning said the headquarters will be for services rendered in this study to the needs, the use of one to one of the solutions.
 learned that relying on “listening project” The research data results, coupled with consumer demand for services during the Spring Festival, the urgency of functions, Suning Appliance Service that targets a number of protection. During the Spring Festival, Suning will be a variety of technical support received by 24-hour customer service hotline is open at any time accept the service consumer needs, Suning Appliance official website consumer online booking services to accept, Suning will also be based on SAP service system employed an event message to the user forward their cases to organize the same time, Suning, and China Mobile jointly develop a system STK SMS marketing, collection services, terminal staff time job status, service delivery during the Spring Festival, a, Victoria service in time to ensure that consumers of services needed.
 the market in a number of pre-holiday service measures, ”
 TV
 Send equipment synchronization “can be said Shi You must have a” right time. “Suning service for the Spring Festival TV consumption, pre-holiday starts in the big cities
 Flat Panel TV
 The “free installation Sync” service projects, activities during the period specified in the purchase of Su Ning brand color TV, you can use the “instant home enjoy TV” service.
 Clients of color TV sets, the qualification of Suning by senior installation engineer will deliver vehicles to customers in the logistics synchronization to buy the house after the installation is in place, consumers will not have the energy to spend on the second installation appointment. Meanwhile, during the Spring Festival, starts Suning TV standby machine activities, which consumers buy TV in Suning maintenance period, the consumer the TV stand-machine of the service to use
 enjoy.
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